Generally, there are two checksums of interest: one which is calculated by Artifactory (based on the file content) and another that is provided by the client upon deployment. These checksums should be the same, ensuring the binary's data integrity.
For each repository, you can configure a checksum policy; based on this policy, Artifactory will know how to behave in the event that the checksum calculated by Artifactory does not match the checksum that was provided by the client.
The two checksum policy choices are as follows: