Using the Repository Path method, you can work with Artifactory as a Docker registry without a reverse proxy on an insecure connection (i.e. only HTTP is supported, not HTTPS). You need to configure the Docker client to work with an insecure registry as described in the Docker documentation.
Restart your Docker daemon/engine to apply the insecure registry flag (if self-signed certificate is imported, you do not need to restart the Docker daemon/engine). Running $docker info will list the Insecure registries that have been applied under the Insecure Registries entry.