Each unique binary file is stored only once, identified and located by its SHA-1 checksum.
Each binary is located in the filestore (local disk by default) and identified by its checksum (SHA-1), with all the metadata (such as package metadata, artifact names, sizes, creation dates, repo locations, SHA-256 values, and signatures) saved in the database.
Therefore, if the same binary is deployed multiple times or referenced from different repositories, Artifactory does not create redundant physical copies. Instead, the database stores multiple metadata entries that all point to the single binary file in the filestore via its checksum. 
Migration Goal
A full migration necessitates a new application server and transferring both:
- The complete Database (all metadata and configuration information).
- The complete Filestore (all binary files) to the new environment.
The specific method used for this transfer can vary, but the goal is always to ensure that the target instance, running the same version of Artifactory, becomes an exact operational replica of the source.