Now that the setup has been completed we can test our previous use case.

$ curl -uadmin "<ART_URL>/artifactory/hashicorp-generic-virtual/terraform-provider-template/2.2.0"Will still return the html output.
$ curl -uadmin "<ART_URL>/artifactory/hashicorp-generic-virtual/terraform-provider-template/2.2.0/terraform-provider-template_2.2.0_darwin_amd64.zip" -OThe follow-up request to an actual artifact is also able to resolve successfully and download and cache the file.