Recently, the "packages.cloud.google.com" made changes to their upstream configuration, causing the URL to be inaccessible and resulting in a 404 error.
Users attempting to perform “apt-get update or install” Debian packages through a remote repository pointing to packages.cloud.google.com via Artifactory will encounter a 404 error.
$ sudo apt-get update Hit:1 https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt google-compute-engine-bullseye-stable InRelease Hit:2 https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-bullseye InRelease Hit:3 https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/misc/debrepo/conda stable InRelease Get:4 http://localhost:8082/artifactory/debian-remote cloud-sdk-bullseye InRelease [1602 B] Err:5 http://localhost:8082/artifactory/debian-remote cloud-sdk-bullseye/main amd64 Packages 404 Not Found [IP: localhost 8082] Ign:6 http://localhost:8082/artifactory/debian-remote cloud-sdk-bullseye/main all Packages Fetched 1602 B in 1s (1137 B/s) Reading package lists... Done W: Target Packages (main/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:1 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:2 W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:1 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:2 W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:1 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:2 E: Failed to fetch http://localhost:8082/artifactory/debian-remote/dists/cloud-sdk-bullseye/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: localhost 8082] E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. W: Target Packages (main/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:1 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:2 W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:1 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:2 W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:1 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/conda.list:2 N: Usage of apt_auth.conf(5) should be preferred over embedding login information directly in the sources.list(5) entry for 'http://localhost:8082/artifactory/debian-remote'